Man, there's a ton of stuff that doesn't make me money directly that I would count as continuing education... but the line really does get a little blurry. Since I'm still a little sick and feeling a little floaty, I'll just ramble here for a sec, maybe you or someone else will think it's interesting.
- technical chops
I like spending time here, and in the Google My Business official forum (plus my feedly blogs I follow). The GMB forum tends to be best for seeing a whole bunch of strange problems go by, and in the last few months after seeing a few hundred expert answers to problems I hadn't even seen before, I've started to get a good sense of things. Reviews vanishing? Check out the cached Google page, and start your research by checking which reviews disappeared, and see if the reviewer deleted it. Hours keep reverting? Check their website formatting, and see if you can find business listings elsewhere with wrong hours. Wrong driving directions after a recent move? And so on. The forum here tends to be awesome for similar (people post problem accounts here too) but there's a lot wider of a range of stuff that pops up here too. New tools, citation building tips and questions, backlink building issues, on-site stuff, new ways Google is displaying results, and so on. All good stuff, and as you said, clients sometimes know a fair bit when sitting down with you. If you happen to know the answers off the top of your head to their questions, that goes a long way to helping to create the kind of relationship you need going forward. After all, a consultant is a very different thing than an employee, and everyone needs to be on the same page with that.
- industry research
It's important to take the time too to keep an eye on citation and backlink opportunities for your industry. This is the number one reason why I'm heavily moving away from working with whatever clients come to me. Every new industry is a boatload of new work, and even if you've got an ongoing client you already did the work for, it's not a bad idea to have some 3 packs you follow, some high ranking competition you do a monthly citation/backlink check for, and so on. Does this count as education? Not sure, but it's super important to stay current and know what you're on the lookout for. I've been focus on wedding photographers lately, and there's a ton of really cool stuff that I know now that a normal local SEO guy wouldn't be able to find without sinking a good chunk of time in, especially as it relates to backlink building.
- know your metrics. If you have a lot of clients in the same industry, any time you spend getting super clear on your money keywords, your on-page conversion factors, and your client's clients main desires and pain points... that stuff is gold, and will help give some easy wins when bringing in new clients while you're grinding the gears of Google into starting to move.
- know your audience. Every hour spent talking to your target audience about their business, how they view marketing, what their goals are for the year, what's worked for them in the past, etc. etc. etc is all time super well spent. The more you know their language, where to find them, and what's most important to them, the easier it is to talk to new people, and ultimately lets you start creating automated marketing systems that handle the lifting for you. To do that though, you need to know your audience really well, and that can take a lot of time. I'm also very interested in copywriting and marketing psychology, but my time spent learning about that stuff is kind of on the back burner, and I'd call it more of a hobby. Still good to have a few Clayton Makepeace, Dan Kennedy, or Perry Marshall books on hand though to add to the mix.
Some of the 'higher level' learning I mentioned comes out most in that 'know your audience' piece. After all, it's starting to look like my most valuable service (optimize your Google My Business profile, set up your website properly, build citations, etc.) might be best as a supporting benefit, with the headline being the backlink building (get your past work published in blogs and wedding magazines x, y, z that you've been jealously reading for the last 3 years, wishing you knew how to get in there too). That hasn't played itself out yet, but I wouldn't have even expected that to be the case before starting to talk to more business owners. There's an old adage... sell them on what they want, and give them what they need.
So... yeah. Part of this last year for me too has been getting committed to staying specific about what I'm spending time learning. I know way more than I should about css and php and all that, considering my paygrade and focus. All those hours in the past were kind of wasted. Always hard to know what to learn and what to outsource... all hours spent learning aren't created equal. C'est la vie.