I've seen whispers and mentions of ongoing test for almost a year on this topic, but no one seems to have actually published on this, so I'll share my conclusion, mostly in bullet point because I've not ran a long, systematic test with documentation, just tracked a couple edits here and there
In other words, the more unpredictable/varied the displayed categories are, the more valuable custom services become.
- Custom services appear to be a signal, but a weak one
- Name signals in particular will usually drown custom service signals.
- They are only really interesting as long as Google does not know what verticalis relevant to the keyword.
- In Quebec, I can tell in some industries whether this is the case by whether the keyword triggers the LSA display (vertical is known) or the traditional finder (vertical is not known). This may not be functional everywhere
- Once Google DOES associate the keyword to a vertical, the main category signal will compete with the services signal (but not necessarily drown it completely the way name signals do) and the GBP will lose ranks.
In other words, the more unpredictable/varied the displayed categories are, the more valuable custom services become.